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The (Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) ) is an international organisation which maintains a standard, assessing the levels of transparency regarding countries’ oil, gas and mineral resources. This standard is developed and overseen by a multi-stakeholder Board, consisting of representatives from governments, extractives companies, civil society organisations, institutional investors and international organisations. EITI Standard is implemented in 48 countries. It consists of a set of requirements that governments and companies have to adhere to in order to become recognised as 'EITI Compliant'. The Chair of the EITI is Clare Short, former UK Secretary of State for International Development. The former Chair of the EITI was Peter Eigen. The EITI International Secretariat is located in Oslo, Norway and is headed by Swedish former diplomat Jonas Moberg. == History == The “Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative” (EITI) was first launched in September 2002 by UK Prime Minister Tony Blair at the (World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg ), following years of academic debate, as well as lobbying from civil society and companies, on the management of government revenues from the extractive industries. In particular, the EITI is an answer to public discussions on the “Resource Curse” or the “Paradox of Plenty”. NGOs such as by Global Witness and “Publish What You Pay”, as well as companies such as BP pushed the UK government to working towards an international transparency norm.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://eiti.org/eiti/history )〕 The organisation was founded at a conference in London in 2003. The 140 delegates from government, companies and civil society agreed on twelve principles to increase transparency over payments and revenues in the extractive sector. A pilot phase of the EITI was launched in Nigeria, Azerbaijan, Ghana and the Kyrgyz Republic. The management of the Initiative continued to lay with the UK Department for International Development. The second EITI Conference on 17 March 2005 in London established six (criteria ) based on the principles. These set out the minimum requirements for transparency in the management of resources in the oil, gas and mining sectors, laying the foundation for a rule-based organisation. This conference also established an international advisory group (IAG) under the Chairmanship of Peter Eigen to further guide the work of how the EITI is to be set up and function. More countries, companies and civil-society organisations joined the initiative. The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank endorsed the EITI. The report issued in June 2006 by the international advisory group recommended the establishment of a multi-stakeholder board and an independent secretariat, and these were set in place at the third EITI conference held in Oslo, Norway on 11 October 2006.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.regjeringen.no/en/archive/Stoltenbergs-2nd-Government/Ministry-of-Foreign-Affairs/Veiledninger-og-brosjyrer/2006/eiti_conference.html?regj_oss=1&id=419568 )〕 Oslo was chosen as the new location for the secretariat.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.regjeringen.no/en/archive/Stoltenbergs-2nd-Government/Ministry-of-Foreign-Affairs/Nyheter-og-pressemeldinger/pressemeldinger/2006/norway-to-host-eiti-international-secret.html?regj_oss=1&id=439120 )〕 In the following years the body further fleshed out the criteria, turning them into a set of 23 requirements, known as the (EITI Rules ) . These were adopted as the EITI Board was renewed in on 2 March 2011 at the fifth conference in Paris, France. Clare Short was appointed as the new Chair of the Board.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://eiti.org/news-events/press-release-six-more-countries-compliant-transparency-and-accountability-standard )〕 The EITI Standard replaced the EITI Rules on 24 May 2013. The new standard contains new disclosure requirements.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://eiti.org/blog/charting-next-steps-transparency-extractives )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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